Private Sub cmdInstr_Click()
Dim phrase As String
phrase = Cells(1, 1).Value
Cells(4, 1) = InStr(phrase, "ual")
End Sub

Private Sub cmdLeft_Click()
Dim phrase As String
phrase = Cells(1, 1).Value
Cells(2, 1) = Left(phrase, 4)

End Sub

Private Sub cmdLen_Click()
Dim phrase As String
phrase = Cells(1, 1).Value
Cells(6, 1) = Len(phrase)
End Sub

Private Sub cmdMid_Click()
Dim phrase As String
phrase = Cells(1, 1).Value
Cells(5, 1) = Mid(phrase, 8, 3)
End Sub

Private Sub cmdRight_Click()
Dim phrase As String
phrase = Cells(1, 1).Value
Cells(3, 1) = Right(phrase, 5)
　

Explanation:

1. InStr is a function that looks for the position of a substring in a phrase.

InStr(phrase,"ual") will find the substring "ual" from "Visual Basic" and then return its position, in this case, it is 4 from the left.

2. Left is a function that extracts characters  from a phrase, starting from the left. Left(phrase,4) means 4 characters are extracted from the phrase, starting from the leftmost position.

3. Right is a function that extracts characters  from a phrase, starting from the Right. Right(phrase,5) means 5 characters are extracted from the phrase, starting from the rightmost position.

4. Mid is a function that extracts a substring  from a phrase, starting from the posiiton specified by the second parameter in the bracket.Mid(phrase,8,3) means a substring of three characters are extracted from the phrase, starting from the 8th position from the left

5. Len is a function that return the length of  a phrase.