{"id":11861,"date":"2017-10-12T07:54:31","date_gmt":"2017-10-11T23:54:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/?page_id=11861"},"modified":"2018-06-24T16:28:19","modified_gmt":"2018-06-24T08:28:19","slug":"visual-basic-2013-lesson-9-variable-and-constants","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2013-lesson-9-variable-and-constants\/","title":{"rendered":"Visual Basic 2013 Lesson 9: Working with Variables and Constants"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2013-lesson-8-understanding-data\/\">[Lesson 8] <\/a>&lt;&lt; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2013-tutorial\/\">[Contents] <\/a>&gt;&gt; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2013-lesson-10-arrays\/\">[Lesson 10]<\/a><\/h4>\n<p>In Visual Basic 2013, data are\u00a0stored either as a variable or as a constant.\u00a0 A variable is similar to a mailbox in the post office because of its contents changes from time to time, just like the mailbox. In \u00a0VB2013, variables are areas allocated by the computer memory to store\u00a0data.<\/p>\n<h3>9.1 Variable Names<\/h3>\n<p>In Visual Basic 2013, we have to\u00a0assign a name to every variable. In order to name a variable, you have to follow a set of rules, as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It must be less than 255 characters<\/li>\n<li>No spacing is allowed<\/li>\n<li>It should\u00a0not begin with a number<\/li>\n<li>A period is not\u00a0allowed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block; text-align: center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3033628290023372\" data-ad-slot=\"3914691604\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><br \/>\nSomae examples of valid and invalid variable names are displayed in Table 9.1<\/p>\n<h4 align=\"center\">Table 9.1<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Valid Names<\/th>\n<th>Invalid Name<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0My_Mobilephone<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0My.Mobilephone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Apple123<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0123Apple<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Long_Name_Can_beUSE<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0LongName&amp;Canbe&amp;Use \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0*&amp; is not acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>9.2 Declaring Variables<\/h3>\n<p>In VB2013, we declare a variable using the <strong>Dim<\/strong> statement. The syntax is as follows:<\/p>\n<pre>Dim VariableName As DataType.<\/pre>\n<p>Notice that you need to assign a name to the variable and also specify its data type.\u00a0 In addition, if you intend to declare more variables, you can declare them in separate lines or you can combine them\u00a0in one line, separating each variable with a comma, as follows:<\/p>\n<pre>Dim VariableName1 As DataType1, VariableName2 As DataType2, VariableName3 As DataType3<\/pre>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block; text-align: center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3033628290023372\" data-ad-slot=\"3914691604\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/p>\n<h4>Example 9.1<\/h4>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load\r\nDim password As String\r\nDim yourName As String\r\nDim firstnum As Integer\r\nDim secondnum As Integer\r\nDim total As Integer\r\nDim doDate As Date\r\nEnd Sub\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>You may also combine the above statements in one line, separating each variable with a comma, as follows:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Dim password As String, yourName As String, firstnum As Integer,\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\r\n<\/pre>\n<h4><strong>Example 9.2<\/strong><\/h4>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click\r\nDim YourMessage As String\r\n YourMessage = \"Happy Birthday!\"\r\n MsgBox(YourMessage)\r\nEnd Sub\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>When you run the program, a message box that shows the text\u00a0&#8220;Happy Birthday!&#8221; will appear, as shown in Figure 9.1<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/vb2013_figure9.1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4385\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/vb2013_figure9.1.jpg\" alt=\"vb2013_figure9.1\" width=\"154\" height=\"155\" \/><\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<strong> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Figure 9.1<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>9.3 Assigning Values to Variables<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>After declaring variables using the Dim statements, we can then assign values to these variables. The syntax\u00a0 is<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variable=Expression<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The variable can be a declared variable or a control property value. The expressions include\u00a0a mathematical expression, a number, a string, a Boolean value (true or false) and more, as illustrated in the following examples:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">firstNumber=100\r\nsecondNumber=firstNumber-99\r\nuserName=\u201dJohn Lyan\u201d\r\nuserpass.Text = password\r\nLabel1.Visible = True\r\nCommand1.Visible = false\r\nLabel4.text = textbox1.Text\r\nThirdNumber = Val(usernum1.Text)\r\ntotal = firstNumber + secondNumber+ThirdNumber\r\nMeanScore% = SumScores% \/ NumSubjects%\r\nX=sqr (16)\r\nTrimString= Ltrim (\u201c Visual Basic\u201d, 4)\r\nNum=Int(Rnd*6)+1\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>In Visual Basic 2013, an\u00a0error occurs when you try to assign a value to a variable of the incompatible data type. For example, if you have declared a variable as an integer but you assigned a string value to it, an error will occur, as shown in Example 9.4:<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Example 9.3<\/strong><\/h4>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click\r\nDim YourMessage As Integer\r\n YourMessage = \"Happy Birthday!\"\r\n MsgBox(YourMessage)\r\nEnd Sub\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>When you run the program, the following error messages will appear in a dialog box, as shown in Figure 9.2<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/vb2013_figure9.2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4389\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/vb2013_figure9.2.jpg\" alt=\"vb2013_figure9.2\" width=\"559\" height=\"318\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Figure 9.2\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You can either break the program and continue to run the program.<\/p>\n<h3>9.4 The Scope of Declaration<\/h3>\n<p>Besides\u00a0using the Dim keyword to declare the data, we\u00a0may also use other keywords to declare the data. Three other keywords are <strong>private , static and public<\/strong>. The syntaxes are as shown below:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Private VariableName as Datatype\r\nStatic VariableName as Datatype\r\nPublic VariableName as Datatype\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>The aforementioned\u00a0keywords indicate the scope of the declaration. First of all, the\u00a0<strong>Private<\/strong>\u00a0keyword declares a local variable which means it is local to a procedure or module. On the other hand, the <strong>Static<\/strong> keyword declares a variable that can be used multiple times, even after a procedure has been terminated. As a matter of fact, most variables created inside a procedure are discarded by Visual Basic when the procedure is finished. However, the <strong>Static<\/strong> keyword preserves the value of a variable even after the procedure is terminated. Lastly, the\u00a0<strong>Public<\/strong>\u00a0keyword declares a global variable, which means it can be used by all the procedures and modules of the whole program.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a0<strong>9.5 Declaring Constants<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A Constant&#8217;s\u00a0value does not change during the running of the program.<span style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\">The syntax to declare a constant is<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Const Constant Name As Data Type = Value<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Example 9.4<\/strong><\/h4>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click\r\nConst Pi As Single = 3.142\r\nDim R As Single = 10\r\nDim AreaCircle As Single\r\n AreaCircle = Pi * R ^ 2\r\n MsgBox(\"Area of circle with \" &amp; \"radius\" &amp; R &amp; \"=\" &amp; AreaCircle)\r\nEnd Sub\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Press F5 to run the program and clicking the button produces the following message:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/vb2013_figure9.3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/vb2013_figure9.3.jpg\" alt=\"vb2013_figure9.3\" width=\"245\" height=\"155\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong> \u00a0 \u00a0 Figure 9.3<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-format=\"autorelaxed\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3033628290023372\" data-ad-slot=\"2306771905\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2013-lesson-8-understanding-data\/\">[Lesson 8]\u00a0<\/a>&lt;&lt;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2013-tutorial\/\">[Contents]\u00a0<\/a>&gt;&gt; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2013-lesson-10-arrays\/\">[Lesson 10]<\/a><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Lesson 8] &lt;&lt; [Contents] &gt;&gt; [Lesson 10] In Visual Basic 2013, data are\u00a0stored either as a variable or as a constant.\u00a0 A variable is similar to a mailbox in the post office because of its contents changes from time to time, just like the mailbox. In \u00a0VB2013, variables are areas allocated by the computer memory &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2013-lesson-9-variable-and-constants\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Visual Basic 2013 Lesson 9: Working with Variables and Constants<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23013,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11861","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Visual Basic 2013 Lesson 9: Working with Variables and Constants - Learn Visual Basic Programming \u2013 VB.NET, VBA &amp; Classic VB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Visual Basic Tutorial\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2013\/vb2013_lesson9.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Visual Basic 2013 Lesson 9: Working with Variables and Constants - Learn Visual Basic Programming \u2013 VB.NET, VBA &amp; Classic VB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Visual Basic Tutorial\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2013\/vb2013_lesson9.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Learn Visual Basic Programming \u2013 VB.NET, VBA &amp; Classic VB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Vbtutor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-06-24T08:28:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/vb2013_figure9.1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"154\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"155\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@liewvk\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2013-lesson-9-variable-and-constants\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2013\/vb2013_lesson9.html\",\"name\":\"Visual Basic 2013 Lesson 9: Working with Variables and Constants - Learn Visual Basic Programming \u2013 VB.NET, VBA &amp; Classic VB\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2013\/vb2013_lesson9.html#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2013\/vb2013_lesson9.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/vb2013_figure9.1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-10-11T23:54:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-06-24T08:28:19+00:00\",\"description\":\"Visual Basic Tutorial\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2013\/vb2013_lesson9.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2013\/vb2013_lesson9.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2013\/vb2013_lesson9.html#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/vb2013_figure9.1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/vb2013_figure9.1.jpg\",\"width\":154,\"height\":155},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2013\/vb2013_lesson9.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Visual Basic 2013 Lesson 9: Working with Variables and Constants\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/\",\"name\":\"Learn Visual Basic Programming \u2013 VB.NET, VBA &amp; Classic VB\",\"description\":\"Start learning Visual Basic from beginner to advanced. 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