{"id":9962,"date":"2017-04-02T23:16:30","date_gmt":"2017-04-02T15:16:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/?page_id=9962"},"modified":"2018-06-22T09:44:58","modified_gmt":"2018-06-22T01:44:58","slug":"visual-basic-2017-lesson-9-working-variables-constants","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2017-lesson-9-working-variables-constants\/","title":{"rendered":"Visual Basic 2017 Lesson 9: Variables and Constants"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a title=\"visual basic 2015 lesson 8\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2017-lesson-8-managing-data\/\">[Lesson 8] <\/a>&lt;&lt; <a title=\"visual basic 2015 tutorial\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2017-tutorial\/\">[Contents] <\/a>&gt;&gt; <a title=\"visual basic 2015 lesson 10\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2017-lesson-10-working-arrays\/\">[Lesson 10]<\/a><\/h4>\n<p>In Lesson 8, we have understood\u00a0the concept of data and learned about how to manage them in Visual Basic 2017. In this lesson, we will learn how to store the data and how to declare them. In Visual Basic 2017, data can be stored as variables or as constants.\u00a0Variables are like mailboxes in the post office. The content of the variable changes every now and then, just like the mailboxes. In \u00a0Visual Basic 2017, variables are the specific areas allocated by the computer memory to store\u00a0data.<\/p>\n<div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block; text-align: center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3033628290023372\" data-ad-slot=\"2197805353\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div>\n<h3>9.1 Variable Names<\/h3>\n<p>Like the mailboxes, each variable must be assigned a name. To name a variable in Visual Basic 2017, you need\u00a0to follow a set of rules as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It must be less than 255 characters<\/li>\n<li>No spacing is allowed<\/li>\n<li>It must not begin with a number<\/li>\n<li>Period is not permitted<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some examples of valid and invalid variable names are displayed in Table 9.1<\/p>\n<h4 align=\"center\">Table 9.1:<\/h4>\n<table style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Valid Names<\/th>\n<th>Invalid Name<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0My_Name<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0My.Name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0VB2015<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02015VB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Long_Name_Can_beUSE<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0LongName&amp;Canbe&amp;Use \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0*&amp; is not acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>9.2 Declaring Variables<\/h3>\n<p>In Visual Basic 2017, you\u00a0have\u00a0to declare the variables before using them. To declare a variable, you need to assign a name to the variable and state its data type. If you fail to do so, the program will run into\u00a0an error. Variables are usually declared in the general section of the code windows using the <strong>Dim<\/strong> statement.<\/p>\n<div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block; text-align: center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3033628290023372\" data-ad-slot=\"2197805353\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div>\n<h4>Example 9.1<\/h4>\n<p>The syntax to declare a variable in Visual Basic 2017 \u00a0is as follows:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Dim VariableName As DataType<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If you want to declare more variables, you can declare them in separate lines or you may also combine more in one line, separating each variable with a comma, as follows:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dim VariableName1 As DataType1, VariableName2 As DataType2, VariableName3 As DataType3<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>Example 9.2<\/h4>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.LoadDim password As String\r\nDim MyName As String\r\nDim Num1 As Integer\r\nDim Num2 As\u00a0Single\r\nDim Sum As Integer\r\nDim StartDate As Date\r\nEnd Sub\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>You may also combine the above statements in one line, separating each variable with a comma, as follows:<\/p>\n<p>Dim password As String, MyName As String, Num1 As Integer, Num2 as Single. Sum as Integer, StartDate as Date<\/p>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click\r\n\r\nDim YourName as String=\"George\"\r\nDim MyMsg As String<\/pre>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">MyMsg = &#8220;Happy Birthday!&#8221; MsgBox(MyMsg&amp;&#8221;,&#8221;&amp;YourName)<\/p>\n<p>End Sub<\/p>\n<p>Notice that you can assign a value to the string in one line using the = sign instead of declaring the variable and then give it a value in another line.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Dim YourName as String=\"George\"\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>is same as<\/p>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Dim YourName as String\r\nYourName=\"George\"\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>When you run the program, a message box that shows the text\u00a0&#8220;Happy Birthday, George&#8221; will appear in a message box, as shown in Figure 9.1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/vb2015_fig9.1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5992\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/vb2015_fig9.1.jpg\" alt=\"vb2015_fig9.1\" width=\"189\" height=\"155\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 align=\"center\">Figure 9.1<\/h4>\n<h3><strong>9.3 Assigning Values to Variables<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>After declaring various variables using the Dim statements, we can assign values to those variables. The syntax of an assignment in Visual Basic 2015 is<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variable=Expression<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>*You may also declare a variable by assigning an initial value to it, as shown in the following examples:<\/p>\n<p>Dim VarName as String=&#8221;ABC&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Dim VarNum as Interger=100<\/p>\n<p>The variable can be a declared variable or a control property value. The expression could be a mathematical expression, a number, a string, a Boolean value (true or false) and more, as illustrated in the following examples:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">firstNumber=100\r\nsecondNumber=firstNumber-99\r\nuserName=\u201dJohn Lyan\u201d\r\nuserpass.Text = password\r\nLabel1.Visible = True\r\nCommand1.Visible = false\r\nLabel4.text = textbox1.Text\r\nThirdNumber = Val(usernum1.Text)\r\ntotal = firstNumber + secondNumber+ThirdNumber\r\nMeanScore% = SumScores% \/ NumSubjects%\r\nX=sqr (16)\r\nTrimString= Ltrim (\u201c Visual Basic\u201d, 4)\r\nNum=Int(Rnd*6)+1\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>An\u00a0error occurs when you try to assign a value to a variable of incompatible data type. For example, if you have declared a variable as an integer but you assigned a string value to it, an error occurred, as shown in Example 9.3:<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Example 9.3<\/strong><\/h4>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click\r\nDim YourMessage As Integer\r\nYourMessage = \"Happy Birthday!\"\r\nMsgBox(YourMessage)\r\nEnd Sub\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>When you run the program, the following error messages will appear in a dialog box, as shown in Figure 9.2<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/vb2015_fig9.2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5995\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/vb2015_fig9.2.jpg\" alt=\"vb2015_fig9.2\" width=\"789\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/vb2015_fig9.2.jpg 789w, https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/vb2015_fig9.2-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/vb2015_fig9.2-624x326.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<strong>Figure 9.2\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block; text-align: center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3033628290023372\" data-ad-slot=\"2197805353\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>9.4 Scope of Declaration<\/h3>\n<p>In Visual Basic 2015, we usually use the<strong> Dim<\/strong> keyword to declare the data. However, you can also use other keywords to declare the data. Three other keywords are <strong>private, static<\/strong> and <strong>public<\/strong>. The forms are as shown below:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Private VariableName as Datatype<br \/>\nStatic VariableName as Datatype<br \/>\nPublic VariableName as Datatype<\/p>\n<p>The above keywords indicate the scope of the declaration. <strong>Private<\/strong> declares a local variable or a variable that is local to a procedure or module. However, Private is rarely used, we normally use Dim to declare a local variable. The <strong>Static<\/strong> keyword declares a variable that is being used multiple times, even after a procedure has been terminated. Most variables created inside a procedure are discarded by Visual Basic when the procedure is terminated. Static keyword preserves the value of a variable even after the procedure is terminated. <strong>Public<\/strong> is the keyword that declares a global variable, which means it can be used by all the procedures and modules of the whole Visual Basic 2015 program.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a0<strong>9.5 Declaring Constants<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Constants are different from variables in the sense that their values do not change during the running of the program.<span style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\">The syntax to declare a constant in Visual Basic 2015 is<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Const Constant Name As Data Type = Value<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Example 9.4<\/strong><\/h4>\n<pre style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click\r\nConst Pi As Single = 3.142\r\nDim R As Single = 10\r\nDim AreaCircle As Single\r\nAreaCircle = Pi * R ^ 2\r\nMsgBox(\"Area of circle with \" &amp; \"radius\" &amp; R &amp; \"=\" &amp; AreaCircle)\r\nEnd Sub\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Press F5 to run the program and clicking the button will produce the following message:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/vb2013_figure9.3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/vb2013_figure9.3.jpg\" alt=\"vb2013_figure9.3\" width=\"245\" height=\"155\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong> \u00a0 \u00a0 Figure 9.3<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-format=\"autorelaxed\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3033628290023372\" data-ad-slot=\"9961025909\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a title=\"visual basic 2015 lesson 8\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2017-lesson-8-managing-data\/\">[Lesson 8] <\/a>&lt;&lt; <a title=\"visual basic 2015 tutorial\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2017-tutorial\/\">[Contents] <\/a>&gt;&gt; <a title=\"visual basic 2015 lesson 10\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2017-lesson-10-working-arrays\/\">[Lesson 10]<\/a><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Lesson 8] &lt;&lt; [Contents] &gt;&gt; [Lesson 10] In Lesson 8, we have understood\u00a0the concept of data and learned about how to manage them in Visual Basic 2017. In this lesson, we will learn how to store the data and how to declare them. In Visual Basic 2017, data can be stored as variables or as &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2017-lesson-9-working-variables-constants\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Visual Basic 2017 Lesson 9: Variables and Constants<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23013,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9962","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Visual Basic 2017 Lesson 9: Variables and Constants - Learn Visual Basic Programming \u2013 VB.NET, VBA &amp; Classic VB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to work with variables and constants in visual basic 2017\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2017\/vb2017_lesson9.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Visual Basic 2017 Lesson 9: Variables and Constants - Learn Visual Basic Programming \u2013 VB.NET, VBA &amp; Classic VB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn how to work with variables and constants in visual basic 2017\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2017\/vb2017_lesson9.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Learn Visual Basic Programming \u2013 VB.NET, VBA &amp; Classic VB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Vbtutor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-06-22T01:44:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/vb2015_fig9.1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@liewvk\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/index.php\/visual-basic-2017-lesson-9-working-variables-constants\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2017\/vb2017_lesson9.html\",\"name\":\"Visual Basic 2017 Lesson 9: Variables and Constants - Learn Visual Basic Programming \u2013 VB.NET, VBA &amp; Classic VB\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2017\/vb2017_lesson9.html#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2017\/vb2017_lesson9.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/vb2015_fig9.1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-04-02T15:16:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-06-22T01:44:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn how to work with variables and constants in visual basic 2017\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2017\/vb2017_lesson9.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2017\/vb2017_lesson9.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2017\/vb2017_lesson9.html#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/vb2015_fig9.1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/vb2015_fig9.1.jpg\",\"width\":189,\"height\":155},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/vb2017\/vb2017_lesson9.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Visual Basic 2017 Lesson 9: Variables and Constants\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.vbtutor.net\/\",\"name\":\"Learn Visual Basic Programming \u2013 VB.NET, VBA &amp; Classic VB\",\"description\":\"Start learning Visual Basic from beginner to advanced. 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